When abdominal effusion is susected what adjustment must be made for a small-animal abdominal radiograph?

1. When taking a radiograph of a cat's abdomen which two recumbency positions would you use to get two radiographic views?
2. What would you do radiographically to confirm a suspected free peritoneal gas in a dog?
3. What is the most commonly performed radiograph of the abdomen?
4. When is an abdominal erect image necessary?
5. Why should a radiograph of the abdomen be well collimated?
6. What is the best projection used to assess free gas in the peritoneal cavity?
7. How do you confirm pneumoperitoneum?
8. When measuring and centering for a Ventrodorsal canine abdomen you should?
9. What radiographic findings are typical of intestinal obstruction?
10. How is a KUB test done?
11. What can a KUB detect?
12. What anatomy must be seen when evaluating an AP erect view of the abdomen?
13. What is checked in an abdominal ultrasound?
14. Which structure must be included on an upright image of the abdomen?

When taking a radiograph of a cat's abdomen which two recumbency positions would you use to get two radiographic views?

If you are only performing two views, the left lateral and VD images should be taken. The right lateral view is commonly taken over the left lateral, but I believe the left lateral is generally more important than the right lateral view for both thoracic and abdominal radiographs.

What would you do radiographically to confirm a suspected free peritoneal gas in a dog?

Horizontal beam radiographs are useful for determining if there is peritoneal gas present that is not contained within a hollow viscus. A left lateral horizontal beam image (C) where free air (black arrows) is documented in the peritoneal cavity away from gas within small intestinal segments.

What is the most commonly performed radiograph of the abdomen?

Radiography of the abdomen may include one or more radiographic projections. The most commonly performed projection is the supine AP projection, often called a KUB because it includes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

When is an abdominal erect image necessary?

The Royal College of Radiologists recommends that when a patient presents with an acute abdomen, a single supine abdominal radiograph is performed. If there is the clinical suspicion of an associated intra-abdominal perforation, then an erect chest radiograph should also be performed.

Why should a radiograph of the abdomen be well collimated?

Proper collimation is one of the aspects of optimising the radiographic imaging technique. It prevents unnecessary exposure of anatomy outside the area of interest, and it also improves image quality by producing less scatter radiation from these areas.

What is the best projection used to assess free gas in the peritoneal cavity?

Chest radiograph

An erect chest x-ray is probably the most sensitive plain radiograph for the detection of free intraperitoneal gas. If a large volume pneumoperitoneum is present, it may be superimposed over a normally aerated lung with normal lung markings.

How do you confirm pneumoperitoneum?

Pneumoperitoneum is the presence of air or gas in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity. It is usually detected on x-ray, but small amounts of free peritoneal air may be missed and are often detected on computerized tomography (CT).

When measuring and centering for a Ventrodorsal canine abdomen you should?

When measuring and centering for a ventrodorsal canine abdomen, you should: measure and center over the caudal aspect of the 13th rib. Looking at the radiograph of an abdomen, you see that the pyloric antrum and body of the stomach are gas- filled and the axis of the stomach appears vertical.

What radiographic findings are typical of intestinal obstruction?

The key radiographic signs that allow distinction between a high-grade SBO and a low-grade obstruction are the presence of small bowel distention, with maximal dilated loops averaging 36 mm in diameter and exceeding 50% of the caliber of the largest visible colon loop as well as a 2.5 times increase in the number of ...

How is a KUB test done?

A KUB is a painless, non-invasive procedure that can be performed in-office or at an imaging center. At the beginning of this procedure, the patient will be asked to lie on their back on an x-ray table. The x-ray machine will then be positioned over the patient's abdomen.

What can a KUB detect?

A kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) X-ray is a diagnostic test that can detect kidney stones and diagnose urinary tract disorders. A kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) X-ray is a diagnostic test that is used for detecting kidney stones and diagnosing multiple disorders of the urinary tract.

What anatomy must be seen when evaluating an AP erect view of the abdomen?

Evaluation criteria for a good AP projection

The image should include the area from the upper border of the pubic symphysis to the diaphragm. Proper alignment -- the vertebral column should be in the midline position. Ribs, pelvis, and hips should be equidistant to the edge of the radiograph.

What is checked in an abdominal ultrasound?

Abdominal ultrasound is a type of imaging test. It is used to look at organs in the abdomen, including the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. The blood vessels that lead to some of these organs, such as the inferior vena cava and aorta, can also be examined with ultrasound.

Which structure must be included on an upright image of the abdomen?

the abdomen should be free from rotation with symmetry of the: ribs (superior) iliac crests (middle) obturator foramen (inferior)