What is protein motive force?

Proton motive force (PMF) is the force that promotes movement of protons across membranes downhill the electrochemical potential.

1. What does proton motive force mean?
2. What is proton motive force and how is it generated?
3. Where is the proton motive force?
4. What is the proton motive force in photosynthesis?
5. Does proton motive force generate heat?
6. What is the purpose of the proton motive force quizlet?
7. What are the two components of the proton motive force?
8. How is a proton motive force created during oxidative phosphorylation?
9. Is proton motive force used in fermentation?
10. Is Chemiosmosis the proton motive force?
11. Is the proton motive force active transport?
12. Do proton pumps require ATP?
13. Where is the proton motive force located in chloroplasts?
14. What membrane does the proton motive force span in cellular respiration?
15. How do bacteria use the proton motive force?

What does proton motive force mean?

Energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work.

What is proton motive force and how is it generated?

proton-motive force. energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work.

Where is the proton motive force?

The proton-motive force created by the pumping out of protons by the respiratory chain complexes is in the mitochondria of most tissues mainly used to translocate protons through the ATP synthase complex, leading to the formation of ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate.

What is the proton motive force in photosynthesis?

The thylakoid proton motive force (pmf), the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of protons generated during the light reactions of photosynthesis, is a fundamental entity of bioenergetics, coupling light-driven electron transfer reactions to the phosphorylation of ADP via the ATP synthase (Avenson et al., 2004; ...

Does proton motive force generate heat?

This energy can be used in different ways, particularly in the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthases, promoting different types of secondary transport, for example, fueling flagellar movement and, in some cases, generating heat (Fig. 2). Proton gradients can originate in different ways and are an energy source for cells.

What is the purpose of the proton motive force quizlet?

The proton gradient is necessary for ATP synthesis because proton flow through the enzyme causes conformational changes that convert a T subunit into an O subunit with the subsequent release of ATP.

What are the two components of the proton motive force?

The protonmotive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane (Δp) has two components: membrane potential (ΔΨ) and the gradient of proton concentration (ΔpH).

How is a proton motive force created during oxidative phosphorylation?

A current of protons is driven from the negative N-side of the membrane to the positive P-side through the proton-pumping enzymes of the electron transport chain. The movement of protons creates an electrochemical gradient across the membrane, which is often called the proton-motive force.

Is proton motive force used in fermentation?

A proton motive force drives protons down the gradient (across the membrane) through the proton channel of ATP synthase. ... Fermentation, in contrast, does not use an electrochemical gradient. Fermentation instead only uses substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP.

Is Chemiosmosis the proton motive force?

In all cells, chemiosmosis involves the proton-motive force (PMF) in some step. ... Together the electrochemical gradient of protons is both a concentration and charge difference and is often called the proton motive force (PMF).

Is the proton motive force active transport?

Collapse of a proton gradient provides a proton-motive force which can drive the active transport of sugars. ... Since the energy to make the initial ion gradients usually comes from ATP hydrolysis, ATP indirectly powers the transport of the other species against a gradient.

Do proton pumps require ATP?

ATP driven proton pumps. -ATPases) are proton pumps driven by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Three classes of proton ATPases are found in nature. In a single cell (for example those of fungi and plants), representatives from all three groups of proton ATPases may be present.

Where is the proton motive force located in chloroplasts?

As illustrated in Figure 14-49, in chloroplasts, H⁺ is pumped out of the stroma (pH 8) into the thylakoid space (pH ~5), creating a gradient of 3–3.5 pH units. This represents a proton-motive force of about 200 mV across the thylakoid membrane, and it drives ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase embedded in this membrane.

What membrane does the proton motive force span in cellular respiration?

Mitochondrial respiration results in an electrochemical proton gradient, or protonmotive force (pmf), across the mitochondrial inner membrane (IM). The pmf is a form of potential energy consisting of charge (Δψ_m) and chemical (ΔpH) components, that together drive ATP production.

How do bacteria use the proton motive force?

In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions, ATP synthase, in general, runs in the opposite direction. This creates ATP while using the proton motive force created by the electron transport chain as a source of energy. The overall process of creating energy in this fashion is termed oxidative phosphorylation.