What are macroscopic or gross lesion in cirrohosis in animals?

1. What are the key histologic features of cirrhosis?
2. What is the pathology of cirrhosis of the liver?
3. What is cirrhotic morphology of the liver?
4. What are the typical laboratory findings in liver cirrhosis?
5. What are morphological characteristics of liver failure which took place in Beethoven?
6. Is cirrhosis a pathologic diagnosis?
7. What clinical symptoms and biochemical markers are used to ascertain the degree of cirrhosis?
8. What happens to the liver during cirrhosis development?
9. What is a heterogeneous liver?
10. What is cryptogenic cirrhosis?
11. What is the most common cause of Micronodular cirrhosis?
12. What labs would be abnormal with liver disease?
13. What is the characteristic laboratory findings in alcoholic cirrhosis?

What are the key histologic features of cirrhosis?

Histologically, cirrhosis is characterized by vascularized fibrotic septa that link portal tracts with each other and with central veins, leading to hepatocyte islands that are surrounded by fibrotic septa and which are devoid of a central vein (Figure 1).

What is the pathology of cirrhosis of the liver?

Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time your liver is injured — whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption or another cause — it tries to repair itself.

What is cirrhotic morphology of the liver?

Cirrhosis is the pathogenic hallmark of advanced liver injury. It is morphologically defined by distortion of the hepatic architecture by dense bands of fibrosis “scar” leading to nodules of hepatocytes. The causes of cirrhosis are varied with many etiologies.

What are the typical laboratory findings in liver cirrhosis?

LFTs may be normal in cirrhosis patients. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are usually moderately elevated. AST is more often elevated than ALT. Alcoholic liver disease - AST and ALT are both elevated but less than 300 IU/L with a AST: ALT ratio > 2.0.

What are morphological characteristics of liver failure which took place in Beethoven?

His terminal illness was characterised by jaundice, ascites, ankle oedema and abdominal pain. The autopsy data indicate that Beethoven had cirrhosis of the liver, and probably also renal papillary necrosis, pancreatitis and possibly diabetes mellitus.

Is cirrhosis a pathologic diagnosis?

Liver cirrhosis is the final common pathological pathway of liver damage arising from a wide variety of chronic liver diseases[1-3].

What clinical symptoms and biochemical markers are used to ascertain the degree of cirrhosis?

In conclusion, it was confirmed that there is an increase in liver cirrhosis in the following general characteristics and biochemical factors: increase of age, increase of GGT, decrease of albumin, increase of the total bilirubin, and growth of INR (International Normalized Ratio).

What happens to the liver during cirrhosis development?

A scarred liver can't function properly, and ultimately, this may result in cirrhosis. Cirrhosis causes the liver to shrink and harden. This makes it difficult for nutrient-rich blood to flow into the liver from the portal vein. The portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

What is a heterogeneous liver?

It is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a broad spectrum of histologic states characterized universally by macrovesicular hepatic steatosis. NAFLD is now recognized as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality.

What is cryptogenic cirrhosis?

Cryptogenic cirrhosis is a condition that impairs liver function. People with this condition develop irreversible liver disease caused by scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), typically in mid- to late adulthood.

What is the most common cause of Micronodular cirrhosis?

The most common cause for this is chronic alcoholism. The process of cirrhosis develops over many years.

What labs would be abnormal with liver disease?

Elevated levels of bilirubin (jaundice) might indicate liver damage or disease or certain types of anemia. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). GGT is an enzyme in the blood. Higher-than-normal levels may indicate liver or bile duct damage.

What is the characteristic laboratory findings in alcoholic cirrhosis?

Typical laboratory findings in ALD include transaminase levels with aspartate aminotransferase greater than alanine aminotransferase as well as increased mean corpuscular volume, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and IgA to IgG ratio. In unclear cases, the diagnosis can be supported by imaging and liver biopsy.