In what form does the electron transport chain appear on earth?

1. What is the electron transport chain found in?
2. When did ATP first appear on Earth?
3. What starts the electron transport chain?
4. Where do protons come from in electron transport chain?
5. Where does the electron transport chain take place in photosynthesis?
6. What form of respiration was used by the earliest forms of life?
7. What is the full form ADP?
8. Which of the following are electron carriers for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
9. What is the electron transport chain in simple terms?
10. What is electron transport in photosynthesis?
11. How does the electron transport chain relate to photosynthesis?
12. In what order do electrons move through the electron transport chain quizlet?
13. What does electron transport do?
14. Why does the electron transport chain release energy in small steps?
15. What are the products of electron transport chain?

What is the electron transport chain found in?

The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and organic molecules found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

When did ATP first appear on Earth?

The Earliest Cells Probably Produced ATP by Fermentation

As explained in Chapter 1, the first living cells on Earth are thought to have arisen more than 3.5 × 10⁹ years ago, when the Earth was not more than about 10⁹ years old.

What starts the electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain is initiated by the reaction of an organic metabolite (intermediate in metabolic reactions) with the coenzyme NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is an oxidation reaction where 2 hydrogen atoms (or 2 hydrogen ions and 2 electrons) are removed from the organic metabolite.

Where do protons come from in electron transport chain?

In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water. The electron transport chain (Figure 1) is the last component of aerobic respiration and is the only part of glucose metabolism that uses atmospheric oxygen.

Where does the electron transport chain take place in photosynthesis?

In photosynthetic eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is found on the thylakoid membrane. Here, light energy drives the reduction of components of the electron transport chain and therefore causes subsequent synthesis of ATP.

What form of respiration was used by the earliest forms of life?

The researchers found that the most ancient aerobic process was the production of pyridoxal, or the active form of vitamin B6, they report today in Structure. This reaction appeared about 2.9 billion years ago, along with an oxygen-producing enzyme called manganese catalase.

What is the full form ADP?

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. ... ADP can be interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP).

Which of the following are electron carriers for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

There are two types of electron carriers that are particularly important in cellular respiration: NAD +start superscript, plus, end superscript (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, shown below) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide).

What is the electron transport chain in simple terms?

The electron transport chain is a cluster of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to form a gradient of protons that drives the creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is used by the cell as the energy for metabolic processes for cellular functions.

What is electron transport in photosynthesis?

Photosynthetic electron transport is the first stage of photosynthesis that produces chemically stored energy and uses solar photons to drive electron transport against a thermodynamic gradient.

How does the electron transport chain relate to photosynthesis?

Electron transport helps establish a proton gradient that powers ATP production and also stores energy in the reduced coenzyme NADPH. This energy is used to power the Calvin Cycle to produce sugar and other carbohydrates.

In what order do electrons move through the electron transport chain quizlet?

Electrons move through the electron transport chain by electron carriers. Electrons in complex I flow from NADH through complex 1 to Q in complex III. Electrons in complex II flow from succinate to FADH2 to Q in complex III.

What does electron transport do?

Electron transport is the final stage of aerobic respiration. In this stage, energy from NADH and FADH₂ is transferred to ATP. During electron transport, energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space.

Why does the electron transport chain release energy in small steps?

As a glucose molecule is gradually broken down, some of the breakdowns steps release energy that is captured directly as ATP. ... Energy released in the electron transport chain is captured as a proton gradient, which powers production of ATP by a membrane protein called ATP synthase.

What are the products of electron transport chain?

The end products of electron transport are NAD+, FAD, water and protons. The protons end up outside the mitochondrial matrix because they are pumped across the cristal membrane using the free energy of electron transport.